What is radiotherapy? Radiation therapy is one of the key treatments in the oncology department. It is designed to damage cancer cells in the targeted area and aims to inhibit the growth and spread of malignant cells. Radiotherapy treatment can be used as a standalone option or in combination with other modalities, such as surgery and chemotherapy.
The application, effects, and process can differ from person to person and are also influenced by the specific type of cancer. For instance, radiotherapy for breast cancer or radiotherapy for prostate cancer has shown significant benefits in certain cases.
Cancer is a general term for diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells due to genetic changes. Under normal circumstances, cell division and growth are tightly regulated by various genes and signaling pathways. However, genetic mutations in these regulatory mechanisms can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, eventually forming tumors.
The biological structure of malignant cells differs from normal cells; they often evade programmed cell death (apoptosis), initiate angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body.
Cancer cells have the unique ability to evade the natural process of 'programmed cell death,' which causes them to proliferate and grow uncontrollably.
Radiotherapy and oncology work together in cancer treatment by aiming to kill cancer cells through the delivery of high doses of radiation to the targeted area. The impact of radiation on cancer cells begins with damage to the cell's DNA, disrupting normal cell functions, preventing cell replication, and ultimately leading to cell death. However, this effect is not limited to cancer cells; healthy cells can also be affected, necessitating a careful balance during treatment. This is why understanding radiotherapy side effects becomes crucial for patient care.
The effect of radiation on cancer cells typically occurs through two main mechanisms: direct and indirect. The direct effect involves the breaking of chemical bonds within the DNA by radiation. This breakage inhibits cell replication and can trigger apoptotic processes. The indirect effect occurs when radiation ionizes water molecules within the cell, producing free radicals. These free radicals can damage DNA and cause genetic material disruptions, contributing to the destruction of malignant cells.
The effectiveness of radiation therapy depends on the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation. Some are more resistant to radiation than others. To overcome this resistance, how does radiotherapy work is meticulously planned by adjusting radiation doses, treatment duration, and delivery methods. Side effects of radiation are usually temporary and can be managed as part of the treatment process.
Radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy is another important consideration in cancer care. While both therapies aim to destroy cancer cells, their methods and side effects differ. Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to target specific areas, whereas chemotherapy involves systemic drug administration.
Does radiotherapy cause hair loss? This is a common concern among patients undergoing cancer treatment. While hair loss is a possible side effect, it typically depends on the area being treated and the radiation dose.
EBRT is one of the most commonly used types of radiotherapy in cancer treatment. EBRT involves directing beams of ionizing radiation, such as high-energy X-rays or protons, from a device located outside the patient’s body toward the tumor. The goal of EBRT is to destroy tumor cells while preserving surrounding healthy tissues. The treatment duration typically extends over several weeks, with each session's length varying depending on the type, size, and location of the cancer.
Brachytherapy, or internal radiotherapy, involves placing radioactive sources directly in or near the tumor tissue. It is often used to treat cancers of the prostate, uterus, cervix, and breast. Brachytherapy can be personalized and optimized according to the tumor's size, location, and type, tailoring the treatment to the patient's specific needs.
Systemic radiotherapy involves administering radioactive drugs orally or intravenously to treat cancer. These radioactive substances travel through the bloodstream, targeting cancer cells specifically. This method is effective for treating thyroid cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and bone metastases, particularly in cases where cancer is widespread or when surgical and local treatments are unsuitable.
Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) is a method where radiation therapy is applied directly to the tumor bed during surgery. The advantage of IORT is delivering a high dose of radiation directly to the cancerous area while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. IORT is commonly preferred in treating breast, pancreatic, and rectal cancers.
Additional methods include Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS). The ideal approach is determined based on the patient's condition and the expert opinion of the physician.
Radiotherapy can be used as a standalone treatment or as an alternative or complementary option to surgery. It is particularly beneficial in cases where complete tumor removal is not possible or where surgery poses a high risk to the patient. Radiotherapy helps reduce tumor burden and minimize the risk of recurrence post-surgery. It can also be applied before or after surgery to shrink the tumor or eliminate remaining cancer cells, thereby improving local control and overall prognosis.
Radiotherapy plays a crucial role in controlling cancer in areas where surgery is not feasible. By using high-energy radiation to destroy tumor cells, it effectively halts growth, especially in cases where surgical options are limited.
Choosing the right specialist at the beginning of cancer treatment, including radiotherapy, is a critical step that should be tailored to the needs of patients. Different cancer types, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, or brain tumors, may involve various treatment processes and methods. Finding the most experienced and specialized physician for each specific cancer type is essential.
At Phoenix Healthy, we identify and guide patients to the best doctors based on their areas of expertise. This approach not only helps patients access the ideal treatment methods but also reduces uncertainties and anxieties during the treatment process. Specialists are knowledgeable about the latest information and treatment options for specific cancer types, allowing for more effective patient care.
Every patient deserves to progress in their health journey with the right expert. Therefore, emphasizing the importance of selecting the correct specialist in cancer treatment is crucial. Phoenix Healthy collaborates with expert physicians to ensure that each patient receives the best care suited to their individual situation.
Radiotherapy is a widely used and effective method in cancer treatment, but it can cause both early and late side effects. Radiation side effects generally depend on the area treated, the radiation dose, treatment duration, and the patient's overall health status.
• Skin Reactions
• Fatigue
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss
• Hair Loss
• Mouth Sores
Managing the side effects of radiotherapy is essential for improving the patient's quality of life during treatment and ensuring adherence to the therapy. Because radiotherapy side effects vary for each patient, management strategies should be individually tailored. To learn more about oncology treatment in Turkey, including the best oncology hospital in Turkey or the best clinic for cancer treatment Turkey, you can embark on a safe treatment journey with Phoenix Healthy.
Wishing You Good Health!
